Centralization & Decentralization – Meaning, Definitions, Merits and Demerits

Centralization & Decentralization Meaning, Definitions, Merits and Demerits   Centralization & Decentralization Centralization In some organizations, top managers make all the decisions. Lower-level managers merely carry out top management’s directives. At the other extreme, there are organizations in which decision making is pushed down to the managers who are closest to the action. The former […]

Responsibility in Management – Meaning, Definitions and Characteristics – BBA/MBA Notes

Responsibility in Management Meaning, Definitions and Features of Responsibility Meaning of Responsibility Responsibility is not merely duty that is assigned but an obligation that the duty is performed. Responsibility comes into existence because a person with authority, requires assistance from another and delegates authority to him for the performance of needed specific work. The acceptance […]

Roles of Management / Managerial Roles / Mintzberg’s Management Roles

Roles of Management / Managerial Roles / Mintzberg’s Management Roles   Roles of Management Management roles depend on the formal authority which is delegated to the manager in an organization. The degree of authority determines his status and different role. In performing a particular role, the manager uses his skills and other characteristics. Henry Mintzberg […]

Contribution of various scholars to Management/Work of Various Management Scholars/Researchers

Contribution of various scholars to Management/Work of Various Scholars/Researchers   Contribution of various scholars to Management 1. Henry Fayol i. Founder of modern management methods. ii. Was a French mining engineer, mining executive, author and director of mines who developed a general theory of business administration. iii. Father of modern Management iv. Father of Operational […]

Schools of Management Thought – Approaches/Theories – BBA Notes/MBA Notes

Schools of Management Thought BBA Notes/MBA Notes   Schools of Management Thought Notes Evolution of Management Thought After World War-I the concept started growing and gained impetus after World War-I I because of growing competition, complexity of managing large business, technological innovation, increase in capital investment, freedom at national and international markets, high degree of […]

Direction/Directing- Meaning, Definitions, Features, Importance, Principles, Techniques and Models

Direction/Directing Meaning, Definitions, Features, Importance, Principles, Techniques and Models Directing/Direction Meaning After planning, organizing and staffing functions are completed in the context of a work cycle, directing function begins. Every manager in the organization gives direction to his subordinates as superior and receives direction as subordinate from his superior. Direction is the process in which […]

Job Evaluation – Meaning, Definitions, Objectives, Process, Methods, Advantages and Limitations 

Job Evaluation Meaning, Definitions, Objectives, Process, Methods, Advantages and Limitations   Job evaluation is a systematic way of determining the value and worth of a job in relation to other jobs in an organization. It tries to make systematic comparison between jobs to assess their relative worth for the purpose of establishing a rational pay […]

Business Organization Notes – BBA Notes/ MBA Notes/ B. Com Notes/ M. Com

Business Organization BBA Notes/ MBA Notes/ B. Com Notes/M. Com Notes   Business Organization The word ‘organization’ has originated from the word ‘organ’ which has two meanings- various parts of a human body and musical instrument. The human body is a combination of various limbs. If one of the limbs stops functioning properly, then some […]

Planning – Meaning, Nature, Features, Types, Process and Barriers

Planning Meaning, Nature, Features, Types, Process and Barriers   Planning Planning involves the determination of future course of action. It is a mental process requiring the use of intellectual faculties, foresight and sound judgement. It is one of the basic managerial functions. Definitions of Planning According to Koontz and 0′ Donnell “Planning is deciding in […]

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