Alderfer’s ERG Theory An extension of the Herzberg theory and Maslow’s need hierarchy theory comes from the work of Clayton Alderfer. He formulated a need category model that was more in line with the existing empirical evidence. Like Maslow and Herzberg, he does feel that there is value in categorizing needs and that there is […]
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Two Factor Theory
HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY(Two Factor Theory) The psychologist Frederick Herzberg extended the work of Maslow and proposed a new motivation theory also known as Two factor theory. He conducted a research study of 200 accountants and engineers employed by firms in and around Western Pennsylvania. He asked these people to describe two important incidents at […]
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY The most widely recognized theory of motivation is the needs hierarchy theory. Abraham Maslow suggested that people have a complex set of exceptionally strong needs, which can be arranged in a hierarchy. These needs are: Physiological needs The physiological needs are at the top of the hierarchy because they tend to have […]
Job Satisfaction
Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is an attitude that people have about their job. It is a set of favourable or unfavourable feelings and emotions with which employees view their work. Job satisfaction describes a positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. Definition According to DuBrins Job satisfaction is the amount […]
Social Facilitation Effect
Social Facilitation Effect Social facilitation effect refers to the tendency for performance to improve or decline in response to the presence of others. Though this tendency is applicable to individual performance also as some individuals do better in presence of some but poor in presence of some others. Because of operation of social facilitation […]
Group Dynamics
Group Dynamics The term group dynamics contains two terms : Group and Dynamics. Group is basically a collectivity of two or more persons. Dynamics comes from Greek word meaning force. Thus Groups Dynamics refers to the interaction of forces between group members in a social situation. Group Dynamics encompasses the dynamics of interaction patterns within […]
Code of Discipline
Code of Discipline In India, the problem of industrial discipline was debated by the Indian Labour Conference held in 1957. The Conference noted the alarming record of breach of discipline by employers and employees. A sub-committee was appointed to draft a model Code of Discipline which would be acceptable to all. A Code of Discipline […]
ILO (International Labour Organisation)
ILO The International Labour Organisation (ILO), was established on April 19,1919 by Versailles Peace Conference as an autonomous body associated with the League of Nations. It was born as a result of the peace conference at the end of World War I at Versailles. India became member of ILO in 1919 as an original signatory […]
Primary and Secondary Pollutants
Air Pollution Depending upon the generation of different air pollutants, they are grouped as Primary Pollutants Secondary Pollutants 1. Primary Pollutants A Primary Pollutant can be defined as a harmful chemical that directly enters the air as a result of either man made or natural activities. There are 5 major primary air pollutants […]
History of Computers
History of Computers Until the development of the first generation computers based on vacuum tubes, there had been several developments in the computing technology related to the mechanical computing devices. Let us have a look at the major milestones which led to present day computers: 3000 B.C. The Abacus – a rudimentary first […]