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Electronic Commerce Meaning Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) is a general concept covering any form of business transaction or information  exchange using information and communication technologies(ICTs). E –Commerce takes place between companies,between companies and their customers or between companies and public administrations.Electronic Commerce includes electronic trading of goods,services and electronic material. The e-commerce include: Electronic trading of […]

Negotiation Process & its Management Meaning Negotiation is a method by which people settle differences. It is a process by which compromise or agreement is reached while avoiding argument and dispute.In any disagreement, individuals understandably aim to achieve the best possible outcome for their position (or perhaps an organisation they represent). However, the principles of fairness, seeking […]

Public Speaking   Public speaking (sometimes termed oratory or oration) is the process or act of performing a presentation (a speech) focused around an individual directly speaking to a live audience in a structured, deliberate manner in order to inform, influence, or entertain them. Public speaking is commonly understood as the formal, face-to-face talking of a single person to a group of listeners. Public […]

Data Models Underlying structure of the database is called as data model. It is a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics and consistency constraints. Data models define how data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system. Types of data models are: Entity relationship model Relational […]

Database Management System (DBMS) Topics covered : Meaning Characteristics and Components A Database is a collection of related data organized in a way that data can be easily accessed, managed and updated. Any piece of information can be a data, for example name of your school. Database is actually a place where related piece of information is […]

International Monetary Fund Establishment of International Monetary Fund (IMF) World war II had its adverse effect on the global economy.To remedy the situation,an international monetary conference was convened in 1994,at Bretton Woods in America.It was attended by the representatives of 44 countries.It was decided in this Conference that two institutions be set up for the […]

Communication Models Communication Models  are conceptual  models used to explain the human communication process. In this section, you will learn about three models of communication: I. Linear model II. Interactive model III. Transactional model I. Linear Model of Communication It is a simple one way communication model. The message flows in a straight line from sender […]

Skills of Management Skill refer to practical ability or expertness in an action or doing something. From the beginning of development of management thought,both management practitioners and researchers have emphasised different skills for managers. Several skills are required to successfully manage a large organization in the changing environment. Some of the required skills characterized by […]